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Introduction to EC2 Auto Scaling – No Scaling Policy

Introduction to EC2 Auto Scaling – No Scaling Policy

EC2 Auto Scaling allows you to launch any number of EC2 instances to increase the availability of your applications.

This time, as an introduction to EC2 Auto Scaling, we will not set a scaling policy, but will configure the system so that two EC2 instances are always launched.

For more information on simple scaling, please refer to the following page.

For step scaling, please refer to the following page

For target tracking scaling, please refer to the following page

Environment

Diagram of Introduction to EC2 Auto Scaling - No Scaling Policy

Create an ALB and attach EC2 Auto Scaling in the private subnet.

Configure Auto Scaling as follows

  • Minimum number of instances: 2
  • Maximum number: 2
  • Desired number: 2

The EC2 instance to be launched within the Auto Scaling group, but it will be the latest version of Amazon Linux 2.
Install Apache from the yum repository on S3 and configure it to act as a web server.

CloudFormation template files

The above configuration is built with CloudFormation.
The CloudFormation templates are located at the following URL

https://github.com/awstut-an-r/awstut-fa/tree/main/089

Explanation of key points of the template files

This page covers the basic Auto Scaling configuration.

For information on how to attach resources in a private subnet to an ALB, please refer to the following page

For information on how to run yum on instances in a private subnet, please refer to the following page

EC2 Auto Scaling

To build EC2 Auto Scaling, create the following two resources

  • Launch Template (or Launch Configuration)
  • Auto Scaling Group

Launch Template

Resources:
  LaunchTemplate:
    Type: AWS::EC2::LaunchTemplate
    Properties:
      LaunchTemplateData:
        IamInstanceProfile:
          Arn: !GetAtt InstanceProfile.Arn
        ImageId: !Ref ImageId
        InstanceType: !Ref InstanceType
        SecurityGroupIds: 
          - !Ref InstanceSecurityGroup
        UserData: !Base64 |
          #!/bin/bash -xe
          yum update -y
          yum install -y httpd
          systemctl start httpd
          systemctl enable httpd
          ec2-metadata -i > /var/www/html/index.html
      LaunchTemplateName: !Sub "${Prefix}-LaunchTemplate"
Code language: YAML (yaml)

A Launch Template is a resource for configuration information for EC2 instances to be launched within an Auto Scaling Group.
You must create a Launch Template or Launch Configuration to configure EC2 Auto Scaling.
However, it is currently deprecated to configure Auto Scaling using Launch Configuration.

We strongly recommend that you do not use launch configurations. They do not provide full functionality for Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling or Amazon EC2. We provide information about launch configurations for customers who have not yet migrated from launch configurations to launch templates.

Launch configurations

Basically, the configuration items are the same as for EC2 instances.
For example, specify the AMI and instance type of the instance to be launched with the ImageId and InstanceType properties.

User data can be set with the UserData property.
This time we will install and activate Apache, write the instance ID in an HTML file, and set it in the Apache root page.

Auto Scaling Group

Resources:
  AutoScalingGroup:
    Type: AWS::AutoScaling::AutoScalingGroup
    Properties:
      AutoScalingGroupName: !Sub "${Prefix}-AutoScalingGroup"
      DesiredCapacity: !Ref DesiredCapacity
      LaunchTemplate:
        LaunchTemplateId: !Ref LaunchTemplate
        Version: !GetAtt LaunchTemplate.LatestVersionNumber
      MaxSize: !Ref MaxSize
      MinSize: !Ref MinSize
      VPCZoneIdentifier:
        - !Ref PrivateSubnet1
        - !Ref PrivateSubnet2
      TargetGroupARNs:
        - !Ref ALBTargetGroup
Code language: YAML (yaml)

An Auto Scaling Group is a resource that collects EC2 instances created within EC2 Auto Scaling.
Within the Auto Scaling Group, EC2 instances generated from the Launch Template are created.

Specify the ID and version of the aforementioned Launch Template in the LaunchTemplate property.
The settings are based on the official page.

AWS::AutoScaling::AutoScalingGroup - AWS CloudFormation
Use the AWS CloudFormation AWS::AutoScaling::AutoScalingGroup resource for AutoScaling.

The number of instances to be created in the Auto Scaling Group can be set with the following property.
This time, specify 2 for both properties so that 2 instances will be launched at all times.

  • DesiredCapacity: Desired number of instances
  • MaxSize:Minimum number of instances
  • MinSize:Maximum number

In the TargetGroupARNs property, specify the ARN of the target group of the ALB to be attached.

Architecting

Use CloudFormation to build this environment and check the actual behavior.

Create CloudFormation stacks and check resources in stacks

Create a CloudFormation stacks.
For information on how to create stacks and check each stack, please refer to the following page

After checking the resources in each stack, information on the main resources created this time is as follows

  • ALB: fa-089-ALB
  • DNS name of ALB: http://fa-089-alb-762314289.ap-northeast-1.elb.amazonaws.com/
  • ALB Target Group: fa-089-ALBTargetGroup
  • Launch Template: fa-089-LaunchTemplate
  • EC2 Auto Scaling Group: fa-089-AutoScalingGroup

Confirm the created resource from the AWS Management Console.
Confirm the ALB.

Detail of ALB 1.

Confirm the DNS name of the ALB.

Confirm the Launch Template.

Detail of Auto Scaling 1.

You can see that the Launch Template was created as version 1.

Check the Auto Scaling Group.

Detail of Auto Scaling 2.

The desired number, minimum number, and maximum number are all 2. This means that there will always be two instances launched in the Auto Scaling Group.
You can see that the aforementioned Launch Template is applied to the Auto Scaling Group.

Detail of Auto Scaling 3.

Looking at the activity history of the Auto Scaling Group, we can see that two instances were created in the previously empty group.

Detail of Auto Scaling 4.

Checking the instances in the group, we can see that two instances have indeed been launched.

Check Operation

Initial Construction Time

Now that we are ready, we access the ALB.

Detail of ALB 2.
Detail of ALB 3.

We were able to access the two instances alternately.
You can see that indeed, an Auto Scaling Group is attached to the ALB, and two instances are created in the group.

Stop Instance Manually

We intentionally stop one instance to check the behavior of Auto Scaling.

Detail of Auto Scaling 5.
Detail of Auto Scaling 6.

One instance is deleted.

Check the activity history of the Auto Scaling Group.

Detail of Auto Scaling 7.

You can see that the instance was deleted and that a new instance was immediately and automatically created.

Check the instances in the Auto Scaling Group.

Detail of Auto Scaling 8.

Two instances are in “InService” status.
This means that the number of instances in the Auto Scaling Group is maintained at two.

Access the ALB again.

Detail of ALB 4.

We are now able to access the new instances.
In this way, we have seen that EC2 Auto Scaling can be configured by setting up a Launch Template and Auto Scaling Group.

Summary

We have confirmed how to configure the Launch Template and Auto Scaling Group that configure EC2 Auto Scaling.
We have confirmed that it is possible to launch and maintain a specified number of instances at any time by unifying the desired, minimum, and maximum number of Auto Scaling Group.

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